The last decade has witnessed a progressive crisis of the public pension system.
The causes that led to the crisis are to be found in the following actors:
the evolution of the demographic pyramid "reduction in births": the Italian population is undergoing progressive aging for both the raising of the average life both for a substantial drop of birth;
the evolution of the labor market "employment crisis": rates of unemployment and job insecurity are on the rise, with a reduction of employees in the business and therefore a reduction in contributions;
the caring role of INPS: the National Institute has responded to several charges, from treatments of motherhood, early retirement to companies in crisis, treatments minimum pension, to the financing of social pensions and layoffs;
the decrease of active workers and the increase in pensioner: in 2025 a retiree is expected INPS for each worker (the so-called break-even time);
the PAYG system: financial mechanism that is based on a criterion of intergenerational solidarity, for which the contributions paid by active workers finance the payment of retirement benefits to retirees. It is efficient as long as the contributions are higher than pensions.
Faced with this situation, what were the solutions adopted?
Our social security system has been characterized since the early nineties by a long series of progressive reforms and adjustments not yet come to an end (the Amato Law to now there are twenty-one interventions on security).
The reforms that have taken place have been developed according to the following guidelines:
the gradual introduction of the system of calculation of benefits "contributory" (today for all), compared to "pay";
the progressive increase in the retirement age;
the introduction of supplementary pension which flank, on a voluntary basis, the basic pension (INPS, Pension Funds, etc.) with the aim to promote the maintenance of the standard of living after retirement;
the tax incentive for membership in supplementary pension funds.
Alex Gaetani
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